Images of celestial bodies collected by a camera contain much valuable information for a spacecraft, which can be used to infer the relative position and/or attitude. Imaging systems have been successfully employed in the past decades to this end, in the form of, e.g., star trackers, navigation cameras, horizon sensors. Depending on the apparent size of the targeted body within the image, different techniques are used to extract the relevant information. In this webinar, the fundamentals of optical navigation techniques will be discussed. Attendees will learn image processing techniques and attitude/position estimation algorithms. Test cases will also be discussed.

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The short course will introduce the market challenges and the business opportunities offered by the emerging
space economy.

The course will:

• present the Space Economy and introduce the New Space revolution;
• describe the new business models and technology trends;
• describe the space finance landscape and challenges to access finance faced by European space ventures;
• provide an Overview of the European Institutional toolbox to foster commercialization of space (e.g., the
  ESA BIC model, Phi-Labs, Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, competitions, challenges, export
  sales support).

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The short course will describe the main aspects of recently developed two- and three-dimensional
computational frameworks for multi-scale and multi-physics analysis of polycrystalline and composite
materials, including the representation of degradation and failure, based on the employment of techniques
different from standard FEM.
The described models are based on the explicit representation of the considered materials mechanics at the
meso-scale, including the initiation, evolution and coalescence of micro-damage and cracking. The strategies
to capture the exchange of information between different scales, namely the component level (macroscale)
and the material level (mesoscale), will be described, as well as the techniques to include multi-physics
representations (e.g. piezoelectric, thermoelastic, chemical diffusion).
The potential benefits of employing different techniques for different material phases will be discussed and
an example about the coupling of the recent developed Virtual Element Method and the Boundary Element
Method will be presented.
The course will describe the main features of the proposed frameworks, their main advantages, current issues,
and direction of potential further development. Several applications to the computational analysis of damage
initiation and micro-cracking of common and piezoelectric polycrystalline aggregates under different loading
conditions will be discussed. Examples about modelling damage initiation and evolution in composite unit cells
will be presented.

Syllabus:

• A boundary element computational framework for micromechanics (2 hours)
• The boundary element method: integral equations and their numerical treatment (4 hours)
• Introduction to the Virtual Elements Method (2 hours)
• Construction of a boundary elements multiscale formulation including damage and failure (2 hours)
• Multi-scale, multi-physics and multi-technique formulations for materials modelling (2 hours)

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the class the attendees will have learned how to use integral equations to model solids
mechanics problems, will have a clear understanding of strengths and weaknesses of the Boundary Element
Method, and will know how to use it in combination with other techniques, such as FEM, VEM, Cohesive Zone
Modelling, Continuum Damage Mechanics to address a wide range of materials mechanics problems.

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The main reference of the webinar will be the Urban Air Mobility and Sustainable Development White Paper published last week (Jan 2023) by ASD Europe, of which I am the main author. In this study, a seminal framework towards transitioning to sustainability-driven business model(s) has been developed for addressing the sustainable development of the emerging UAM.

Learning Objectives:

The webinar will aim to meet two main goals:

• Raise awareness about both challenges and benefits related to UAM;
• Investigate the UAM Sustainability Framework proposed by the ASD Urban Air Mobility and Sustainable Development White Paper.

Therefore, embedded in a holistic approach, the webinar will touch aspects such as i) the main spheres of impacts of UAM, ii) their wider desirability by citizens (not just users), and iii) UAM total emissions released based upon an entire life cycle analysis approach.

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This course will concern the following learning objectives:

• Multidisciplinary optimization considering aerodynamics and structures.
• Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) to support an efficient evaluation of the sensitivities needed by gradient-base optimization techniques.
• Effects of flight dynamics and aeroelasticity coupling.
• Formulation of coupled problems.

Syllabus

• Introduction: new efficient wings, aerostructural coupling, and optimization
• Optimization: definitions, classifications, numerical optimization methods (gradient-based optimization)
• Gradient evaluation: the adjoint method. Algorithmic differentiation.
• Using AD library on a simple problem: forward vs reverse modes
• MDO and MDO architectures. Coupled gradient evaluation.
• Application of high-fidelity Aero-structural optimization with AD
• Introduction on non-conventional aircraft and coupled flight dynamic and aeroelastic effects.
• Formulation of the coupled problem, unsteady aerodynamic forces integration.
• Applications on non-wing&tube aircraft

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As a matter of fact, the increased complexity and autonomy of aeronautical systems call for newly conceived Human Machine Interfaces that allow a safe and efficient interaction and/or control, involving both physical and cognitive interfaces.

HMI design is an iterative process performed adopting a user centred approach where human performances are generally measured by means of objective and subjective metrics derived by human factors discipline.

The webinar will introduce the basic methodologies for HMI design and validation at different maturity steps, providing examples and case studies derived from aeronautical applications. It will also describe a few emerging technologies that are expected to disrupt traditional aeronautical HMI design in the next future, with a specific focus on eXtended Reality.

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